My research seeks to advance attitude theory by understanding novel determinants of when attitudes change and when they withstand such pressures to change. Given the importance of understanding attitude processes, I am especially interested in when and why attitudes change and the biological mechanisms underlying especially durable or malleable attitudes. To understand these broader questions, my research has focused on three overarching themes: the role of subjective experience in attitude change processes, the stability of individuals’ opinions over time, and the biological underpinnings of variables like extremity, certainty, and ambivalence, which so often predict an attitude’s likelihood of change.